The influence of fiber properties on fabric properties
1. Linear density and length of fibers Linear density and length are two basic properties of fibers. Fibers with low linear density and long length can be spun into fine yarns and woven into light fabrics. Crude fibers, regardless of length, can only be spun into medium and thick special yarns and woven into medium or thick fabrics. The linear density of the fiber also affects the elasticity, feel and wear resistance of the fabric. Thin fibers have good softness and strong cohesion in the yarn, so the spun yarns and fabrics have high strength and good wear resistance; thick fibers have high stiffness, and the woven fabrics are stiff and elastic. 2. Tensile properties of fibers The tensile properties of fibers also determine the corresponding properties of the fabric. The tensile curve of fabric is basically similar to that of fiber. The tensile curve determines the fracture work. The size of the work of fracture is directly related to the wear resistance and fracture properties of the fabric. The tensile deformation recovery ability and initial modulus of the fiber determine the wrinkle recovery property of the fabric, that is, the resilience of the fabric. Fibers with strong recovery ability and large initial modulus will have good fabric elasticity and good wrinkle resistance. 3. Surface characteristics of fibers The surface characteristics of fibers also affect the properties of fabrics. If the fiber surface is smooth, the reflection of the finished threads will be strong, and the fabric will appear bright. Therefore, silk will have a very good finish. There are scales on the surface of wool fibers, which will cause wet reflection of the finished threads, and the fabric will have a soft finish: Chemistry Fibers generally have a smooth surface, so chemical fiber filament fabrics often shine, or produce what is called “extremely perfect”. In order to eliminate this phenomenon, titanium dioxide, a finishing agent, is often added to the spinning of chemical fibers to deposit it on the surface of the fiber to diffuse the finishing lines. 4. Cross-sectional shape of fibers The cross-sectional shape of fibers also affects the finish of the fabric. Round cross-section, the fabric has good texture; special-shaped cross-section, the fabric has a soft texture. The cotton fiber has a round cross-section, so the cotton fabric has a soft finish. However, after the warping process, the fiber cross-section becomes round, and the fabric has a silky bright finish. The properties and cross-sectional shape of the fiber surface also affect other aspects of the fabric style. Fibers with a smooth surface have a smooth fabric feel and a cool feel, like silk. If the fiber cross-section is not round or has curls, the fabric will have a soft feel and a warm feel, such as cotton and wool.
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