After the fabric has been processed through processes such as pre-treatment, dyeing or printing, due to the effects of moisture, heat and tension in these processes, the original width and length of the fabric will be deformed to a certain extent. Therefore, post-finishing is required to improve the appearance and intrinsic quality of clothing fabrics, improve wearing performance and other application properties, or give clothing fabrics some special functions through physical, chemical or physical and chemical methods.
1. Stabilize the size and shape of the fabric
Tentering – a finishing process that utilizes the certain plasticity of cellulose, silk, wool and other fibers under humid conditions to gradually widen the width of the fabric to a specified size and dry it stably, also known as setting the width.
Heat setting – refers to a processing technology in which synthetic fiber fabrics are heat treated under a certain tension to stabilize their size and shape.
2. Improve the appearance of clothing fabrics
Singeing – The fluff on the surface of cotton and its blended fabrics is removed by direct flame burning to make the surface smooth and clean, which facilitates the smooth progress of subsequent processing and ensures product quality. The flame temperature of singeing is usually between 900 and 1000°C, and the surface temperature of the hot metal plate can also reach 800°C, both of which are higher than the decomposition temperature or ignition point of various fibers.
Calendering finishing – through the mechanical pressure of the calender and the action of moist heat, with the help of the plasticity of the fibers, the surface fibers are arranged in parallel to improve the surface smoothness and flatness, produce regular reflection of light, and then improve the color of the fabric. .
Corrugation finishing – the corrugation finishing machine consists of a heatable hard roller and a soft roller. The surface of the hard roller is engraved with positive patterns, while the surface of the soft roller is engraved with negative patterns, and the two match each other. During finishing, the plasticity of the fabric under hot and humid conditions is used, and the fabric is pressed using yin and yang rollers to produce a concave and convex pattern effect on the fabric.
Sanding – after finishing, the fabric can produce a suede surface, which improves the hand feel and makes it comfortable to wear. It can be done on a brushing machine. The fabric produces a suede surface after repeated friction.
3. Improve the soft feel and finishing of clothing fabrics
Softening finishing is a process that compensates for the stiffness and roughness of the fabric to make the fabric feel soft. Including mechanical soft finishing, chemical soft finishing and stiff finishing.
Mechanical softening finishing – mainly uses mechanical methods to flex the fabric multiple times under tension to reduce the rigidity of the fabric and restore it to the appropriate softness.
Chemical softening finishing – uses softening agents to reduce the friction coefficient between fibers to achieve a soft effect.
Stiff finishing is to give the fabric a smooth, stiff, thick, and plump feel, improve strength and wear resistance, and also improve the drape and appearance.
Stiff finishing – usually combined with fixed width, adding softener to the slurry to improve the overall feel. Similarly, for pure soft finishing, stiffening agent should be added to enhance the body.
4. Improve the durability of clothing fabrics
The additives used for anti-moth finishing should be highly efficient and low-toxic, have no side effects on the human body, and should not affect all aspects of the fabric’s performance. Commonly used moth-proof finishing methods include wool chemical modification and moth-proof agent finishing.
Wool chemical modification method – through chemical modification, a new and stable cross-linked structure is formed. When moths eat this cross-linked structure, they are difficult to digest and eventually killed, thus improving the moth-proof performance.
Anti-moth agent finishing method – through finishing, wool fibers are directly brought with chemicals that have a killing effect on moths. These chemicals are directly immersed in the moth’s cortex, or poisoned through the respiratory and digestive organs to kill them.
5. Give fabrics special properties
Common ones include waterproof finishing, water-repellent finishing, and flame-retardant finishing.
Waterproof finishing – coating fabric so that water and air are impermeable;
Water-repellent finishing – changes the hydrophilicity of the fiber surface to hydrophobicity, making the fabric breathable but not easily wetted by water.
Flame retardant finishing – Finished fabrics have varying degrees of ability to prevent the spread of flames and can quickly stop burning after leaving the fire source. There are three ways to achieve flame retardant finishing:
(1) Exhaustive flame method: The flame retardant is combined with the cellulose fiber through ionic bonds or covalent bonds, making it insoluble in the fiber to obtain a durable flame retardant effect.
(2) Stock solution method: Add the flame retardant directly to the spinning solution.
(3) Copolymerization method: Add flame retardant to the polymer chain segment to make the fabric have qualified fastness such as resistance to washing, bleaching, and sweat stains, and will not be absorbed by the skin. Printing and dyeing factories mainly use the first method. Extended reading: https://www.alltextile.cn/product/product-60-503.html
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