1. The concept of flame retardant performance
Flame-retardant textiles refer to labor protection fabrics that can prevent themselves from being ignited or can slow down and stop burning after contact with flames or hot objects. They are suitable for operating near open flames, emitting sparks or molten metal, or in situations where there are flammable or explosive materials. Work in environments with hazardous materials and fire hazards.
2. Classification of flame retardant properties
Flame-retardant fabrics are mainly obtained through two methods: one is chemical modification or flame-retardant post-treatment of textiles. This method is low-cost, but the flame retardancy generally gradually decreases or disappears with the increase of service life and number of washings.
Another method is to directly produce flame-retardant fibers or fabrics made of high-temperature resistant flame-retardant fibers, which are permanently flame-retardant. High-performance flame-retardant fibers mainly include Kevlar, PBI, Nomex, arylsulfone fiber, phenolic fiber, melamine fiber, etc.
3. Flame retardant finishing methods
Flame retardant finishing mainly treats fabrics during the post-finishing process of textiles, so that the fabrics have flame retardant properties. The flame-retardant finishing process of fabrics is simple, requires less investment, and has quick results, making it suitable for the development of new products. The main processing forms for flame retardant finishing of fabrics include the following.
(1) Padding and baking method, this method is one of the most commonly used flame retardant finishing methods. The process flow is: padding → pre-baking → baking → post-treatment. The padding fluid contains flame retardants, which are generally suitable for flame retardant finishing of cellulose fiber fabrics.
(2) Dipping and drying method, the process flow is: dipping→drying→post-processing. It involves soaking the fabric in a flame-retardant liquid for a certain period of time, then taking it out and drying it. The flame-retardant effect is often not durable; sometimes flame-retardant finishing can be carried out in the same bath as the dyeing process.
(3) Coating method, which mixes flame retardant into resin for processing. According to different mechanical equipment, it is divided into doctor blade coating method, casting coating method and calendering coating method. Different products use different processing methods. Blade coating method: mix the slurry with flame retardant
Apply directly to the fabric with a spatula. Most flame retardants are first made into solutions or emulsions and then applied. Cast coating method: The polymer casting film is attached to the fabric under pressure. Suitable for large curtains and civil engineering supplies with high flame retardant content. Calendering coating method:
The polymer is made into a film on a calender and then laminated to the fabric. Generally, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin and a mixture of copolymers of such resins and flame retardants are used. They are mainly used for flame retardancy in engineering tents. tidy.
(4) Organic solvent method, use organic matter to dissolve the flame retardant, and then perform flame retardant finishing. It can shorten the finishing time, but the toxicity and flammability of the solvent must be paid attention to during the operation.
(5) Spray method. Thick curtains, large carpets and other products that cannot be processed with ordinary equipment can be flame-retardant finished by spray method in the subsequent process.
4. The definition of terms related to the combustion performance of textiles and textile products is:
Afterburning: Under the specified experimental conditions, the material continues to burn with flame after the [point] fire source is removed.
Burning time: Under the specified experimental conditions, when the flaming combustion terminates, or if no flame is generated, the [point] fire source is removed, and the material continues to burn without flames.
Flame retardant time: Under specified experimental conditions, the time the material continues to burn without flame after the flaming combustion has terminated or after the [point] fire source is turned on.
Damage length: under specified experimental conditions, the maximum length of the material damage area in the specified direction.
Flame retardancy: The property of a material to slow, terminate or prevent flammable combustion.
Flame retardant treatment: A chemical process or treatment used to improve the flame resistance of a material.
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