There are many methods to prevent pilling. Methods before and during dyeing include changing the structure, composition and performance of the fiber, changing the yarn spinning process and fabric structure, changing the dyeing and finishing process, etc. However, we are generally used to cloth and garments. Finishing after bleaching and dyeing, the methods are:
1Biopolishing (biological enzyme finishing)
Biopolishing is a finishing process that uses cellulase to improve the surface of cotton fabrics to achieve long-lasting anti-pilling effect and increase the smoothness and softness of the fabric. Biopolishing removes the microfibers protruding from the surface of the yarn and greatly reduces the fuzz on the surface of the fabric. Reduce and become smooth without pilling. (Enzyme hydrolysis and mechanical impact jointly remove the fluff and fiber ends on the surface of the fabric, making the fabric structure clearer and the color brighter). Practice has proved that this The effect of this method on reducing pilling is long-lasting because the ends of the fibers are removed instead of being covered in place. However, it should be noted that this method will cause a certain loss of strength and partial weight loss of the fabric.
For cotton and polyester/cellulose fiber blended fabrics, cellulase is used; wool or polyester/wool blended fabrics are polished with a suitable biological protease. Therefore, the process conditions must be strictly controlled, otherwise it will cause enzyme inactivation or serious damage, serious weight loss, and it is not suitable for large quantities of fabrics (cylinder error), so some knitted fabric dyeing and finishing factories are unwilling to apply this method.
2 Mild milling method (mainly used for wool fabrics, such as wool sweaters and wool knitwear)
After woolen sweaters and other knitwear are lightly milled, the roots of the wool fibers are felted in the yarn, and the fibers are entangled with each other, thus enhancing the friction coefficient between the fibers and making it difficult for the fibers to succumb to friction. The yarn slips out, thereby reducing pilling in fabrics such as woolen sweaters. At present, fabrics such as worsted woolen sweaters are generally lightly milled to improve their anti-pilling effect. The process flow is: sweater soaking-light milling-cleaning-dehydration-drying.
3 Resin finishing method
①Principle
Resin is a variety of polymers. It uses the function of resin to cross-link and form a network on the fiber surface to wrap a wear-resistant resin film on the fiber surface. This resin film weakens the slip of the fiber; at the same time, the tree refers to The cross-links are uniformly condensed on the surface of the yarn, making the fiber ends adhere to the yarn, making it less likely to pill when rubbed, thus effectively improving the pilling resistance of the sweater.
②Selection of resin
The selected resin must have greater adhesion to the fiber, and it should also have a certain degree of strength. It must have good elasticity and a smooth but not sticky feel after finishing. The adhesive film must not affect the color of the dye. Fastness and gloss. No irritation to human skin. No peculiar smell; tree finger has stable performance, convenient application, reliability and low price.
At present, general resins (self-cross-linked acrylic resins) can no longer meet customers’ high requirements for fabrics, because some anti-pilling and pilling agents (resins) have a hardened feel after treatment, a decrease in strength, and a glossy appearance after treatment. Changes occur, and some resins must be baked at high temperatures. Foreign countries have gradually phased out and gradually developed a new generation of anti-pilling and pilling agents. Their main representative products are polyurethane-based polymers and organic silicone resins. Now these products have been produced in China and have been widely used in the production of knitwear. Anti-pilling finishing.
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