A brief introduction to cotton related knowledge
Main assessment indicators of cotton quality: The main indicators are: grade, length, micronaire value, moisture regain, impurity content, and hazardous debris.
1. Cotton transaction method
(1) Subject to sample: mainly used in West Africa and India.
(2) Based on the bulk cargo at the port: After the cotton arrives in the bonded area, the quality of the bulk cotton cargo will be confirmed on the spot.
(3) American General Standard: Mainly used in the United States and Brazil. U.S. General Cotton Standard:
Grades are divided into GM, SM, M, SLM, LM, SGO, GO, BO
(GM= Grade 1 SM= Grade 2 M= Grade 3…)
Fiber length classification:
2. Micronaire value
The micronaire value of cotton fiber is a comprehensive reflection of fiber fineness and maturity. The micronaire value of cotton fiber can be used as a comprehensive index to evaluate the intrinsic quality of cotton fiber, which directly affects the color, strength, fineness, naturalness, elasticity, moisture absorption, coloring, etc. of the fiber.
The micronaire value is divided into three levels: A, B, and C. Level B is the standard level.
3. Moisture regain: Moisture regain refers to the percentage of moisture and fiber weight contained in cotton. The public standard moisture regain of cotton is 8.5%. In actual work, the moisture regain of raw cotton is generally determined by the electric detector method.
4. Impurity content: The national standard impurity content of sawtooth cotton is 2.5%.
5. Cotton is classified as follows:
(1) According to physical form, cotton is divided into seed cotton and lint. The cotton picked by cotton farmers from the cotton trees is called seed cotton, and the cotton after seed removal and finishing is called lint cotton. Cotton in the usual sense refers to lint cotton.
(2) According to length, cotton is divided into long-staple cotton and fine-staple cotton. The length of fine-staple cotton is generally 25-31 mm, and the length of long-staple cotton is more than 33 mm. Cotton in my country is mainly fine-staple cotton.
(3) According to the finishing machinery, cotton is divided into sawtooth cotton and roller cotton. The lint sorted out using a saw-tooth gin is called saw-tooth cotton, and the lint sorted out using a top roller gin is called top-roller cotton. At present, the vast majority of cotton in my country’s cotton market is sawtooth cotton.
(4) According to the different colors of cotton, cotton is divided into white cotton, yellow cotton, gray cotton and colored cotton.
(5) According to the different grades of cotton, cotton is divided into high-grade cotton and low-grade cotton.
6. Cotton inspection methods in my country:
Sensory inspection is the main method, and instrumental testing is supplemented. The grade, length, foreign fiber and neps are subject to sensory inspection, and the micronaire value, moisture regain, impurities and short fiber rate are subject to instrumental testing. The order of inspection is:
Sampling-check moisture regain-check impurity content-check grade-check length-check micronaire-check foreign fibers-check neps-check short fiber rate. (8 items) 6. Calculation of imported cotton price:
CIF cotton price (yuan/ton) = foreign cotton price (USD/pound) × exchange rate × 2204.62 × (1 + tariff) × (1 + 13% VAT ) Among them, the tariff is divided into internal tariff and external sliding quasi-tax rate. The internal tariff is 1% and the external tariff is 5%-40%.
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