China’s cotton origin and cotton characteristics
my country is the largest cotton producer in the world. The cotton planting belt is roughly distributed between 18 degrees and 46 degrees north latitude and 76 degrees and 124 degrees east longitude. With the temperature >= 10 degrees, there are 22 cotton-producing provinces and municipalities, 7 of which have cotton fields of more than 400,000 hectares (Xinjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui); 4 (Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Shanxi): There are only sporadic plantings in other provinces and cities.
From a regional perspective, there are three main cotton-producing areas, namely Xinjiang cotton area, Yellow River basin cotton area, Yangtze River basin cotton area 1. Xinjiang cotton area mainly includes Xinjiang and Gansu regions, and Xinjiang cotton is mainly used in China. Xinjiang’s cotton production accounts for about 50% of my country’s cotton production.
This area has ample sunshine, arid climate, and scarce rainfall, and is an irrigated cotton area; the farming system is one crop a year, cotton fields are concentrated, the planting scale is large, and the degree of mechanization is high; the yield level is high, and the raw cotton has good color and luster. “The content is lower than other cotton areas.
Xinjiang cotton area mainly includes southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang. In the past, Xinjiang cotton had a problem with sugar content, but now with the improvement of varieties, the sugar content is less. However, Xinjiang cotton fiber strength is lower than that of cotton areas in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, mainly due to low moisture regain.
(1) Southern Xinjiang (bounded by Tianshan Mountain): The sunshine time is long, the temperature in southern Xinjiang is higher than that in northern Xinjiang, and the planting time and picking time are good. It is characterized by good whiteness, good length, good consistency, and good micronaire value, mainly A–B2 level, good fineness, can spin yarns of more than 40 counts, better finishing quality than the mainland, and low moisture regain (standard At 8.5%), due to the high temperature, the moisture regain rate of cotton can reach about 6-7%. The cotton is above level three, which is better than that in Northern Xinjiang. In addition, my country’s only long-staple cotton production area is located in Aksu, southern Xinjiang. The fiber length of long-staple cotton is 36-37mm, second only to Egyptian long-staple cotton and better than American Pima cotton.
(2) Northern Xinjiang: The full illumination time is shorter than that of Southern Xinjiang, with more rain and water, the micronaire value is lower than that of Southern Xinjiang, the strength is low, and the whiteness of the finish is lower than that of Southern Xinjiang, with mainly Level 3 water content. High, can spin 40s-60s yarn.
2. Yellow River Basin
The Yellow River Basin cotton area is currently the cotton area with the largest cotton planting area in China, including Hebei Province (except north of the Great Wall), Shandong Province, and Henan Province (excluding Nanyang and Xinyang) ), the areas north of the Huaihe River in southern Shanxi, Guanzhong in Shaanxi, Longnan in Gansu, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and the suburbs of Beijing and Tianjin.
The cotton area in the Yellow River Basin has sufficient sunshine, good thermal conditions, medium soil fertility, and moderate annual precipitation. In normal years, the fiber quality is good. However, due to improper intercropping arrangements in some areas, varying degrees of damage from diseases and insect pests, and the rainy, low-temperature and lack of sunshine in the latter part of some years, fiber quality is unstable between years.
Shandong and Hebei cotton are similar, with good color, good luster, long fiber, low lint rate, good strength, one level higher than Hubei, small micronaire, and can spin 40-count yarn, but there are more three yarns.
With the exception of Nanyang and Xinyang, Henan belongs to land planting. The production period is short, the cotton strength is low, the fineness is high, the color is not as good as that in Shandong and Hebei, the sawtooth finishing is high, and the short staple can be spun for 40s. Nanyang and Xinyang areas are not intercropped, and the quality of cotton is similar to that of Hubei cotton.
3. Yangtze River Basin
The cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin is located in the humid area of the mid-subtropics. Commercial cotton production is mainly concentrated in the coastal and riverside cotton areas of Jiangsu, the Yangtze River Estuary Cotton Area in Shanghai, the Qiantang River Estuary Cotton Area in Zhejiang, and the Cotton Area in Anhui. Cotton areas along the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake Cotton Area in Jiangxi, Dongting Lake Cotton Area in Hunan, Jianghan Plain Cotton Area in Hubei, Nanxiang Basin Cotton Area across Henan and Hubei, and Sichuan Basin Cotton Area.
Among them, Hunan and Hubei produce relatively large amounts of cotton. Its cotton is characterized by good maturity, large micronaire value, and thick fiber. More than 80% of the cotton has a micronaire value of more than 4, less three-strand yarn, a lower short staple rate than in Henan, a gray color, and can spin 21 counts. 32 count yarn.
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