Polymer materials refer to materials formed from polymers obtained by addition polymerization or condensation polymerization of monomers, such as various plastics, rubber, etc. It is also a raw material for manufacturing textile synthetic fibers. With the rapid development of high technology, the application of polymer materials in all walks of life is increasing day by day. However, the harm caused to the environment by the non-degradability and low recycling rate of polymer materials cannot be underestimated, and it has now become an important part of solid waste treatment. a worldwide thorny problem.
Green polymer material is an environmentally friendly polymer material. “Green” means starting from the monomers, the source of polymer material synthesis, selecting environmentally friendly monomer materials and synthesis processes, and considering the compatibility of the synthesized polymer materials with the environment (that is, in a short time natural degradation or depolymerization) and the life cycle of the product (recycling of the product after use).
Although the current greening of polymer materials is mainly reflected in the study of degradability, finding more green, environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic raw materials has always been the goal pursued by scientists. In particular, research on the synthesis of polymer materials using the “greenhouse gas” CO2 has frequently appeared in the world’s top academic journals in recent years.
Recently, Ted Sargent’s team at the University of Toronto in Canada released a research result, saying that it has found the conditions to effectively convert CO2 into ethylene (ethylene). Ethylene can then be used to make polyethylene, a plastic that is commonly used today with an annual global output of about 80 million tons.
It is understood that the core work of this research is the process of CO2 reduction reaction. With the assistance of catalysts, CO2 is converted into other chemical substances through electric current and chemical reactions. . In this reaction, many metals can serve as catalysts. For example, gold, silver, and zinc can catalyze the production of CO, while tin and palladium can catalyze the production of formic acid, and copper can catalyze the production of ethylene. Using Canadian Light Source�With the unique equipment developed by senior scientist Tom Regier, researchers can study the form, shape and chemical environment of the copper catalyst during the entire carbon dioxide reduction reaction in real time. Then we confirm the precise conditions for maximizing ethylene production and adjust the catalyst to maximize ethylene production while minimizing methane production. This research has been published in the newly titled journal “Nature Catalysis” under the “Nature” series.
CO2Nanostructured copper catalyst surface for conversion to ethylene
Prior to this, a research team at Stanford University in the United States also proposed a research result that can convert carbon dioxide and plant materials such as crop residues into plastic in a paper published in the journal Nature. The researchers mixed carbonate, CO2 and furoic acid derived from furfural, heated them to 200°C, and presented a molten salt state. After 5 hours, 89% of the total molten salt mixture would It is converted into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid to produce polyethylene furandicarboxylate (PEF), which can replace polyethylene terephthalate to a certain extent. Unlike terephthalic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid can be a derivative of biological materials.
In addition, bioplastics based on natural substances such as starch and produced under the action of microorganisms are renewable and therefore very environmentally friendly. Meiji University has successfully increased the production of succinic acid and lactic acid, the raw materials of bioplastics, by modifying the hydrogen synthase enzyme of cyanobacteria, which is expected to contribute to solving future environmental and energy issues. The research results were published in the magazine “Algal Research”.
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