Nanotechnology is developing rapidly, but the lack of standard testing has caused development bottlenecks
Since the advent of nanomaterials in 1991, after nearly 30 years of progress, the progress of nanotechnology has become increasingly mature, and the application of nanotechnology in industry has become broader. As a newly emerging high-tech, nanotechnology has received great attention from the scientific community as soon as it appeared, and is recognized as a promising high-tech in this century. Now, the world’s major developed countries have focused scientific research on the development and application of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials and technologies have been widely used in electronics, chemical industry, textile and other fields.
The application fields of nanomaterials in my country are mainly fabrics, plastics, and building materials, of which the fabric field accounts for 20%. The fabric industry mainly uses nanomaterials for the development of functional fabrics. The emergence of nanotechnology has developed new ways for the development of functional fabrics, providing more possibilities for the progress of the fabric industry. Nanotechnology has great development value and development prospects in fabric finishing, printing and dyeing.
1. Nanotechnology is widely used in functional fabrics
The application of nanotechnology to the fabric industry mainly involves the use of nanomaterials in the development of functional fabrics. At present, in the development of functional fabrics in my country, the most widely used method is to laminate nanomaterials to fabric materials. Most nanolaminated materials add nanopowder to chemical fibers, fabrics, slurries, and additives. Due to different powder materials, the functions of fabric products are also different. At present, the functional fabrics that are widely used in nanotechnology include super amphiphobic fabrics, full-coverage fabrics, bionic nanostructured color-producing fabrics, far-red nanofibers and fabrics, antibacterial and deodorant fabrics, antistatic fabrics, anti-sun resistant fabrics, etc. Aging fabrics, invisible fabrics, fire-resistant fabrics, etc.
Because the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials have greatly changed, nanotechnology is expected to become a bridge between the microscopic world and the macroscopic world. Adding nanofibers or nano-sized particles to fabrics can give the product one or more new functions, especially in the field of industrial fabrics. The current development direction of functional fabrics is to integrate multiple functions into one, such as having fire protection, antibacterial, far infrared, negative ion and other functions at the same time to achieve better results. Therefore, the diversification of product functionality will be a popular direction for the development of nanotechnology fabrics in the future.
2. “Nano Star Materials” in Fabric Materials
In recent years, major breakthroughs have been made in theoretical and applied research on nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have been widely used in chemistry due to their extraordinary catalytic activity, strong magnetism, high chemical absorption, unique electrical properties and health care properties. Fiber materials play an increasingly important role in the development of fiber materials. As functional additive materials for chemical fibers, there are more and more types of nanomaterials. The main nanochemical fiber materials are:
Carbon nanotubes: Carbon nanotubes are particularly excellent conductors with better electrical conductivity than copper. They can be used as functional additives and evenly dispersed in chemical fiber spinning solutions. At different concentrations, they can be made into products with good properties. Functional fiber or fabric with conductive or antistatic properties; carbon nanotubes are light in weight and have high elastic modulus, and can be used as a bonding additive for making high-strength and elastic fibers.
Nano titanium dioxide (TiO2): Titanium dioxide nanomaterial is a stable and non-toxic ultraviolet absorbing agent. It can usually be evenly dispersed in polymer materials and utilize its absorbing effect on ultraviolet rays to effectively block polymers. The degradation of chains reduces the occurrence of free radicals, thereby achieving the effects of sun resistance and anti-aging. Titanium dioxide nanomaterials are highly absorbent. Therefore, anti-UV chemical fibers or fabrics made as additives can not only fully resist the damage of UV-A and UV-B to the human body, but also reflect visible and infrared rays, and have heat shielding functions.
Nano zinc oxide (ZnO): Nano zinc oxide is a nanomaterial with antibacterial, bacteriostatic and deodorizing functions. Introducing blending or lamination into chemical fibers to produce antibacterial chemical fibers.
Nano metal oxide: Metal oxide nanomaterials have the function of absorbing far infrared rays. Various far-infrared fibers (especially far-infrared polypropylene fibers) made with far-infrared nanomaterials as additives have excellent health care and physical therapy functions, thermal effect functions, moisture removal, breathability, and antibacterial functions. They are mainly used in health care products and field work clothing. , parasols and decorative cloths, etc.
3. Lack of standard testing has become a bottleneck for progress
Currently, there are many types of functional fabrics developed using nanotechnology, but very few have functions that are truly recognized by consumers. Nano antibacterial fabrics are functional fabrics that are easily accepted by consumers. Nowadays, nano-antibacterial fabrics have been launched in large quantities, and their progress is promising. However, research on their safety and hygiene lags far behind product development. To this end, experts suggest that research in this area must be strengthened in the future so that the fabric industry can provide a sustained and effective boost to the nanomaterials industry. Especially from the perspective of long-term ecological safety, the evaluation, testing, and identification of the use of nanomaterials in fabric materials also require third-party testing and evaluation institutions such as universities and scientific research institutes to assume the important task of public supervision and testing.
At the same time, we also need to strengthen the basic research work related to nano fabric products, such as the adhesion rate of nano particles on fabric products, the adhesion rate of nano particles on the fiber surface or inside the fiber when using nano additives to post-finish the fabric products.There are currently no effective characterization and determination methods. This will inevitably make it difficult to ensure the product quality of nanofabric products and affect the research and development of nanofabrics products. Standards for most functional nanofabric products have not yet been released, so how to evaluate them has become a big problem.
Currently, the lack of standards and testing methods has become a bottleneck in the progress of nano-functional fabrics. Therefore, improving fabric testing technology and researching ecological standards suitable for nano-functional fabrics have become top priorities in promoting the progress of the nanomaterials industry. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, it is believed that nanotechnology will develop a new world in the fields of fabrics, fibers, printing and dyeing, and more and better nanofabric products will become a new highlight of fabric technology in the 21st century.
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