The development of new textile fibers relies on polymer science
Countries around the world regard the development of new materials as an important aspect of economic development and technological advancement. Various new fabric fibers are important materials in today’s high-tech fields and are known as a pillar of economic development in the 21st century. The development of new fabric fibers depends on the level of polymer science, and my country’s current level of polymer science progress is relatively low, which results in the need to import many high-performance materials and high value-added products. For example, the production of medical sutures and high-performance artificial blood vessels is almost blank in our country. To this end, scientific researchers should devote themselves to developing various high-performance polymer materials, thereby promoting the development and application of new fibers for fabrics.
High functional fiber
High-functional fibers mainly refer to fibers that have special functions such as the transmission of electricity, adsorption, ultrafiltration, dialysis, reverse osmosis, and ion exchange. They also include special functions that provide comfort, health care, safety, etc. and fibers suitable for use under extraordinary conditions. There are mainly functional fibers such as fully conductive fiber, glass fiber, biodegradable fiber, ceramic fiber, conductive fiber, hollow fiber separator membrane, antibacterial fiber, radiation protection fiber, high temperature resistant fiber and so on.
1. Complete conductive fiber. Complete conductive fiber is a fiber that can conduct complete conduction. It is also called complete conductive fiber or complete fiber. It is a laminated fiber made through extraordinary lamination technology using two transparent materials with different refractive index. The conductive image of the conductive fiber can be like transmitting electric current, so that the complete bundle or image is transmitted from one end to the other end along the winding complete conductive fiber bundle, that is, the complete conductor. The complete conductive fiber is a core-sheath structure, which is composed of a low-refractive index film and a transparent core material. According to the type of core material, the complete fiber can be divided into three categories: quartz complete fiber, multi-component complete fiber and Plastic fiber. The loss rate of quartz fiber is low, only less than 1dB/km. It is often used for long-distance transmission, such as public long-distance telephone lines, which are expensive, brittle and difficult to organize; multi-component fiber is used for medium-distance transmission of 1 to 2km. , such as enterprise internal LANs and fiber mirrors; plastic fiber completion loss rate is as high as 120-130dB/km, but its advantages are cheap, flexible, light weight and easy to organize, so it is widely used in short-distance complete conductive lines.
2. Ceramic fiber Ceramic fiber is an inorganic refractory fiber, which refers to a fiber made by blending ceramic substances into fiber-forming polymers. The range of ceramic fibers is very wide, including fibers made mainly from raw materials such as metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, alumina, aluminum silicate, silicon carbide, boron nitride, potassium titanate, etc. The fiber matrix can be polyester, polyfiberamine, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc. Different ceramics can be selected according to different uses. Ceramic fiber has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, high modulus, small thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal shock resistance, low heat capacity, etc. It has been widely used in fire-resistant, Heat insulation, fire protection, high temperature filtration and labor protection and other fields.
3. Glass fiber The main components of glass fiber are silica and other metal oxides, which are spun in the molten state. Glass fiber has abundant raw materials, mature manufacturing technology, low price, and has the advantages of non-flammable, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, high strength, and good insulation properties. It is widely used in industry.
4. Biodegradable fiber Biodegradable fiber refers to fiber that can degrade by itself under the action of heat and microorganisms in nature. Natural fibers themselves are degradable, while synthetic fibers are strong and non-corrosive. Therefore, the waste of synthetic fibers is causing serious environmental pollution problems. Biodegradable synthetic fibers are the focus of improving the degradability of chemical fibers. Chitin fiber and chitosan fiber are currently used in medical materials. They are fibers spun from chitin or chitosan solution. Chitin is a natural biopolymer extracted from the shells of shrimps, crabs, and insects. Chitosan is obtained by removing chitin after treatment with concentrated alkali. The product of deacetylation. Chitin and chitosan fibers not only have good physical and mechanical properties, but also have good biological activity. The fibers are non-toxic, biodegradable and can be degraded by lysozyme in the human body and completely absorbed by the human body. They can be used as medical sutures and medical dressings such as medical gauze, non-woven fabrics or films. Another type of biodegradable fiber is polylactic acid type fiber. Polylactic acid is a product of milk fermentation. Its melting point is above 180 degrees. It can be made into silk through melt spinning. The woven fabrics have silky finish and dry touch. It is a good workwear material. It can be dissolved in water or Under the action of microorganisms in the soil, it can all be decomposed normally within one year.
5. Hollow fiber separation membrane Hollow fiber separation membrane is a kind of functional fiber. Its base materials include viscose fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyester, etc. According to its pore size characteristics, it can be divided into microfiltration membrane and ultrafiltration membrane. , reverse osmosis membrane, ion exchange membrane and gas separation membrane. Hollow fiber membranes made by fabric technology can be assembled into blood filters, hemodialyzers, plasma separators and various purifiers, and are used in pure water preparation, medicinal liquid preparation, wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, etc.
6. Conductive fiber Conductive fiber refers to fibers with a mass specific resistance of less than 1081Ω·g/cm2 under standard conditions (20°C, relative humidity 65%). Its conductive principle is that the fiber contains free electrons and has no humidity dependence, even inConductivity will not change under low humidity conditions. The performance of conductive fibers in removing and preventing static electricity is much higher than that of antistatic fibers. The earliest conductive fibers are metallic conductive fibers made by utilizing the conductive properties of metals. These fibers have good conductive properties, heat resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance, but are difficult to manufacture; others use metal spraying methods to make the fibers look like metal. Conductivity; current conductive fibers use adsorption or chemical reaction methods to add some metal compounds into the fibers to make conductive fibers with good conductivity. Conductive fibers are usually used to make anti-static fabrics, which can effectively prevent the local accumulation of static electricity. Products made of conductive fibers can be used to produce explosion-proof work clothes, dust-proof work clothes, anti-static blankets, etc.
7. Other functional fibers There are currently many functional fibers, including fire-resistant fibers, which are spun by adding fire-retardant agents to polymers; functional fibers include color-changing fibers, fluorescent fibers fiber, thermochromic fiber, hygrochromic fiber, etc.; others include magnetic fiber, far-infrared fiber, anti-UV fiber, negative ion fiber, antibacterial fiber, ion exchange fiber and other functional fibers.
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