Water-repellenting
The process of treating with chemical water-repellent agents to reduce the surface tension of the fiber so that water droplets cannot wet the surface is called water-repellent finishing, also known as breathable waterproof finishing. Suitable for raincoats, travel bags and other materials. The water-repellent finishing effect of fabrics is also related to the organizational structure of the fabrics. Fabrics treated with a water-repellent treatment retain their breathability. However, different water-repellent finishing agents have different applicability to fibers, water-repellent effects after finishing, resistance to washing, dry cleaning, friction, and durability.
Water-repellent finishing can be divided into two types: semi-durable and durable according to the durability of the water-repellent effect. The former is easy to handle and low in price. It is mainly used for cotton and linen fabrics, but can also be used for silk and synthetic fiber fabrics. The latter is mainly used for cotton and linen fabrics. The use of silicone water-repellent finishing agents is not only suitable for various fiber fabrics, but also makes the fabrics have good and more washable water-repellent properties. It can also increase the tear strength of the fabrics and improve the fabric’s feel and sewing performance.
The process of treating fabrics with oil-repellent finishing agents to form an oil-repellent surface on the fibers is called oil-repellent finishing. The oil-repellent surface tension of the finished fabric is lower than the surface tension of various oils, making the oil bead-like on the fabric and difficult to penetrate into the fabric, thus producing an oil-repellent effect. The fabric that has been treated with oil-repellent finish is both water-repellent and has Good breathability. Mainly used for high-end raincoats and special clothing materials.
Fibers, yarns or fabrics are charged with static electricity due to friction during processing or use, which brings difficulties and troubles to subsequent processes and clothing wearing. Anti-static finishing is a process in which chemicals are applied to the surface of fibers to increase their surface hydrophilicity to prevent the accumulation of static electricity on the fibers. The accumulation of static electricity in fibers is related to their hygroscopicity. For example, synthetic fibers have very low hygroscopicity and high surface resistance, so they tend to accumulate static electricity. In order to change this situation, hydrophilic substances can be used to improve the hygroscopicity of the fiber surface and reduce the surface specific resistance.
Easy to soil-relesaseing
Easy decontamination finishing is a process that makes the dirt on the surface of the fabric easy to remove with ordinary washing methods and prevents the washed dirt from returning to soil during the washing process. During the wearing process, fabrics form dirt due to the adsorption of dust and human excreta in the air as well as contamination. In particular, synthetic fibers and their blended fabrics are prone to electrostatic adsorption of dirt. Due to the poor hydrophilicity of the surface, water cannot easily penetrate into the fiber gaps during washing, making it difficult to remove dirt. And because the surface of the fabric is lipophilic, dirt suspended in the washing liquid can easily re-contaminate the fiber surface, causing re-contamination.
The basic principle of increasing the ease of stain removal of synthetic fibers and their blended fabrics is to use chemical methods to increase the hydrophilicity of the fiber surface and reduce the surface tension between the fiber and water. It is best that the hydrophilic layer on the surface can expand after being wetted. This generates mechanical force so that dirt can leave automatically. The method is to pad a layer of hydrophilic polymer material on the surface of the fabric. After easy decontamination and finishing, it can also be added��The antistatic properties of the fabric make it comfortable to wear and soft to the touch, but the tear strength of the fabric has decreased.
Anti-mildew and anti-corrosion (rot ptoofing)
In hot and humid climate conditions, when textiles contain substances such as slurry and fat, microorganisms can easily multiply. The enzymes secreted by bacteria, actinomycetes, and molds can decompose fibers into their food and cause fiber damage. Anti-mildew and anti-corrosion finishing generally involves applying chemical anti-mildew agents to cellulose fiber fabrics to kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. In order to prevent textile crystals from getting moldy during storage, antifungal agents such as salicylic acid, which has no significant impact on the color and dye fastness of the product and is relatively safe for human health, can be used. For cellulose fiber textile crystals used under open air conditions, a copper naphthenate salt mildew inhibitor that is relatively resistant to water washing can be used for padding treatment.
moth proofing
Wool fabrics are susceptible to moth damage, and moth larvae feed on wool fibers as they grow. The earliest moth-proofing method was to put camphor or naphthalene in wool fabrics when storing them, and use the gases produced by their sublimation to drive away moths. The moth-proofing effect was not high and not long-lasting. The moth-proof finishing commonly used in dyeing and finishing production is to chemically treat wool fabrics to kill moths, or change the structure of wool fibers so that they are no longer food for moths, thereby achieving the purpose of moth-proofing. Some chlorine-containing organic compounds are commonly used as moth repellents. Its advantages are that it is five-color and odorless, is specific to wool fabrics, is relatively washable and does not damage the style and wearing performance of wool fabrics, is easy to use, and is highly safe for the human body.
Flame-retardaning
After being treated with certain chemical crystals, textiles are less likely to burn when exposed to fire or will go out as soon as they are ignited. This process is called flame retardant finishing. The burning of textiles is a very complex process. In addition to the chemical composition of the fiber, their flammability is also related to the fabric structure and the properties of dyes and other substances on the fabric.
Flame retardants are usually compounds containing elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, antimony, and boron. Its main function is to change the reaction process of the fiber when it catches fire, generate strongly dehydrating substances under combustion conditions, carbonize the fiber and prevent the production of flammable volatile substances, thereby preventing the spread of flames. Flame retardants decompose to produce non-combustible gases, thereby diluting flammable gases and blocking the air or inhibiting the burning of flames. The flame retardant or its decomposition product melts and covers the fiber to shield it, making the fiber less likely to burn or preventing the carbonized fiber from continuing to oxidize.
The process of coating or bonding a layer of polymer material on the surface of a fabric to give it a unique appearance or function is called coating finishing. Coated fabrics often give people the feel of new materials in terms of texture and performance. The coated polymer is called a coating agent (or slurry), and the bonded polymer is called a film. Representative fabrics for coating finishing include anti-down, waterproof and moisture-permeable, light-shielding and heat-insulating, flame-retardant, conductive and imitation leather fabrics.
The properties of various fiber materials and fabric uses are different, and the corresponding finishing processes are also different. The principle is to take advantage of the advantages and improve the disadvantages, so as to achieve the desired style of the fabric. For example, in order to increase the luster of cotton and linen fabrics, reduce the shrinkage of the fabric, maintain the dimensional stability of the clothing and prevent wrinkles, the fabrics can be treated with anti-shrinkage and anti-wrinkle finishing. Silk fabric is the queen of fibers due to its pleasing natural luster and slender, soft and smooth feel. In order to prevent its original properties from being damaged during the finishing processThe excellent quality of �� is usually mainly to improve its properties such as easy wrinkles. In addition, because silk fibers are relatively delicate, it is advisable to use moderate mechanical and chemical strength when dyeing and processing.
Among many fabrics, none is more dependent on post-finishing processing than wool fabrics. In addition to using anti-felting and moth-proofing methods to improve the properties of wool fabrics such as shrinkage and moth-eaten properties, wool fabrics are often finished to obtain various styles. and high-quality fabrics, such as textured fabrics, woolen fabrics and suede fabrics in woolen fabrics. The corresponding finishing processes include washing, boiling, milling, raising, shearing, steaming, pressing, etc. Viscose fiber fabric mainly improves its properties of easy wrinkles and large shrinkage. While improving the thermal shrinkage, moisture absorption and breathability of synthetic fiber fabrics, the thermal shrinkage of the fibers can be used to perform finishing such as embossing on the fabric. In addition, in addition to commonly used finishing, various types of fabrics can choose corresponding finishing processes according to their special appearance styles and functional requirements.
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