Production and life are all related to static electricity. Static electricity directly or potentially brings varying degrees of harm to human beings from all aspects. There are a large number of flammable and explosive places in petroleum, chemical industry and other industries, which can easily cause static electricity explosion accidents. According to statistics, most of the fire and explosion accidents in gunpowder, chemical industry, medicine, petroleum and other workplaces are due to the static electricity generated exceeding the safety limit. limit, caused by spark discharge.
The human body will generate static electricity due to contact, induction and adsorption. When people wear clothing, there is constant close contact and separation between clothing and between clothing and the human body. Clothing of different materials carries different symbols of static electricity through contact. When a person approaches a charged object or person, the human body is charged with the same static electricity through electrostatic induction. When a person leaves a charged object (or person), the human body is charged with static electricity through induction; after a person moves in a space with charged particles or small liquid droplets (dust, water vapor, oil vapor), the charged particles or small liquid The drops fall on the human body and are absorbed by the human body, causing the human body to be charged with static electricity. The human body will generate a large amount of static electricity during various activities, and its voltage can be as high as thousands of volts. The generation of static electricity depends on the material of the clothing worn by the human body, the intensity of the activity, the type of labor tools used, the conductivity of the ground, and the temperature of the surrounding environment. , humidity is closely related. For example, if you wear leather shoes and walk on ordinary ground (normal speed), the static voltage on the clothing will be (1200-1500) V. If you slide on the artificial leather soft chair, the static voltage on the clothing will be (1500-2800) V, take off the coat, the static voltage on the garment is (5000-7000)V. For a long time, people have used methods such as grounding, shielding, and neutralization to eliminate the hazards of static electricity. Anti-static work clothes are a kind of labor protection equipment that can eliminate or reduce the harm of static electricity to the human body. In order to minimize the electrostatic charge on the human body and reduce the risk of electrostatic accidents, they are used in various flammable and explosive places or in precision electronics. Personnel working in sensitive places must wear anti-static clothing. In order to reduce the harm of static electricity to the human body and provide a basis for development and decision-making, it is necessary to conduct special research on each link of the anti-static clothing industry chain.
In December 2016, the Labor Protection Products Professional Committee of the Jiangsu Textile Distribution Industry Association formulated a research plan and drafted a research outline. The research team successively conducted special surveys on the production, operation, research, and inspection of anti-static clothing in Jiangsu Province. The surveyed Units and enterprises include: Jiangnan University School of Textile Engineering, Jiangsu Textile Research Institute Co., Ltd., Yihe Co., Ltd., Nantong Baojian Special Professional Clothing, Jiangsu Gongwei Clothing, Baoying County Hengan Needle Textiles, Kangdiya High-end Fabrics (Suzhou), Changzhou Saifu Safety Protection Products, Jiangsu Province Special Safety Protection Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Suzhou Security Industry, Jiangsu Province Labor Protection Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Station. With the active support and strong cooperation of participating units and relevant sectors, a preliminary research report was formed in January 2017. In February 2017, this research report was formed based on extensive solicitation of opinions on the first draft of the research report.
1. Development history of anti-static equipment
my country’s electrostatic protection began in the 1960s. During this period, the petroleum, chemical, coal mining and other industries developed rapidly, and explosion and fire accidents caused by static electricity gradually increased. Some petrochemical, coal mining and occupational safety departments began to study and control fire and explosion accidents caused by static electricity. Anti-static equipment in the electronics and pharmaceutical industries started later than petrochemical, pyrotechnics, and coal mine systems. It was born out of the study of static electricity damage to microelectronic devices and components and how to prevent such damage. It started as early as the mid-1970s. The anti-static problem in the electronics industry was still in its infancy in the early 1970s when my country’s IT industry developed. Since the 1980s, the computer, communications, integrated circuit and other industries have entered a period of rapid development. The problem of static electricity hazards has become prominent and has posed a serious threat to my country’s large-scale The production of integrated circuits and the development of electronic information technology have had adverse effects. In addition, static electricity issues also involve the quality of military products. At almost the same period, the introduction of a large amount of foreign capital put forward new anti-static concepts and requirements for the microelectronics production environment, accelerating the formation of the anti-static equipment industry. The electronic anti-static equipment industry was formed roughly from 1984 to 1991, during which the GB12014-1989 “Anti-static Work Clothing” standard was released. From 1993 to 2001, China’s anti-static equipment industry developed rapidly. The anti-static equipment industry achieved great development and formed three major industrial concentration areas: the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Bohai Rim Economic Circle. The first version of the anti-static equipment in 2009 The clothing standards were revised and the GB12014-2009 “Anti-static Clothing” standard was released.
2. Policies and regulations related to anti-static clothing
Static electricity problems in production and life often bring adverse consequences and cause great harm. For example, on January 19, 2011, an electrostatic discharge explosion occurred when deethanized gasoline was sprayed out at high speed from the heavy oil catalytic device of Fushun Petrochemical Company of PetroChina, 2014 On August 2, 2019, the “8.2” extremely large explosion occurred in Kunshan Zhongrong Metal Products. Among the indirect causes of the accident were the failure to implement safety protection measures and the failure to equip anti-static workwear and other labor protection supplies as required. Therefore, the state and relevant departments have successively formulated a series of laws and regulations to ensure safety and prevent electrostatic hazards, such as: “Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “China”Product Quality Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “Fire Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”, etc.
3. Standards related to anti-static clothing
The state and industry have strict regulations on the generation and prevention of static electricity, and have formulated many standards, such as: GB 12158-2006 “General Guidelines for the Prevention of Static Electricity Accidents”, GB15577-2007 “Safety Regulations for Dust Explosion Prevention”, AQ 1082-2010 “Coalbed Methane” “Safety Regulations for Gathering and Transportation”, AQ4115-2011 “General Guidelines for Preventing Static Electricity from Fireworks and Firecrackers”, GB50016-2014 “Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings”, GB50160-2008 “Code for Design Fire Protection of Petrochemical Enterprises”, GB50156-2014 “Car Gas Stations” Design and Construction Code”, GB50028-2006 “Urban Gas Design Code”, GB50058-2014 “Design Code for Electrical Devices in Explosive Hazardous Environments”, GB50257-2014 “Code for Construction and Acceptance of Electrical Devices in Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments for Electrical Device Installation Engineering”, SH3097-2000 “Design Specification for Electrostatic Grounding in Petrochemical Industry”, SJ/T10694-2006 “General Specification for Anti-static Detection of Electronic Product Manufacturing and Application Systems”, GB13348-2009 “Static Safety Regulations for Liquid Petroleum Products”, HG/T23003-1992 “Chemical Industry “Enterprise Static Electricity Safety Inspection Regulations”, GB/T11651-2008 “Specifications for the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment”, etc. The communications, electronics and other industries have also promulgated standard anti-static measures.
GB 12158-2006 “General Guidelines for Preventing Static Electricity Accidents” stipulates that when the level of a gas explosion hazardous location belongs to Zone 0 (an environment where explosive gas mixtures appear continuously or for a long time) and Zone 1 (where explosive gas mixtures may appear during normal operation) environment) and the minimum ignition energy of combustibles is below 0.25mJ, workers need to wear anti-static shoes and anti-static clothing. GB15577-2007 “Safety Regulations for Dust Explosion Prevention” stipulates that in places where combustible dust and gaseous oxidants (mainly air) exist, anti-static clothing and other labor protection supplies should be used in accordance with GB11651.
With the enhancement of people’s anti-static awareness and the emergence of human body electrostatic protection needs, anti-static clothing has also entered production and life as labor protection supplies. In order to meet the national and industry requirements for human body electrostatic protection, a series of standards related to anti-static clothing have been released successively, and unified technical regulations have been made for anti-static clothing suitable for wearing in places where the accumulation of static electricity may cause electric shock, fire and explosion hazards, such as GB 12014-2009 “Anti-static Clothing”, GB/T 23316-2009 “Requirements and Test Methods for Anti-static Performance of Work Clothing”, GB/T 18136-2008 “AC High Voltage Static Protection Clothing and Test Methods”, GB/T 12703.1- 2008 “Evaluation of the electrostatic properties of textiles Part 1: Half-life of electrostatic voltage”, GB/T 12703.2-2009 “Evaluation of the electrostatic properties of textiles Part 2: Charge surface density”, GB/T 12703.3-2009 “Evaluation of the electrostatic properties of textiles Part 2″ Part 3: Charge”, GB/T 12703.4-2010 “Evaluation of the electrostatic properties of textiles Part 4: Resistivity”, GB/T 12703.5-2010 “Evaluation of the electrostatic properties of textiles Part 5: Frictional charging voltage”, GB/ T 22042-2008 “Test Method for Surface Resistivity of Clothing Anti-static Performance”, GB/T 22043-2008 “Test Method for Anti-static Performance of Clothing Through Material Resistance (Vertical Resistance)”, GB/T 23464-2009 “Protective Clothing Anti-static Wool Knitwear”, GB/T 24249-2009 “Anti-static Clean Fabrics”, FZ/T 54042-2011 “Conductive Polyester Drawn Filament”, etc.
4. Anti-static clothing products
Anti-static clothing refers to clothing sewn with anti-static fabric as the fabric in order to prevent the accumulation of static electricity on the human body. It is sewn with conductive fibers to maintain electrical continuity in individual parts of the clothing. It has efficient and permanent anti-static and dust-proof properties. Anti-static clothing products generally include anti-static jumpsuits, separate suits, coats, shirts, cotton clothing, wool knitted clothing and other styles customized according to requirements. They can also be freely combined with anti-static socks, hats, gloves, shoes, wrist straps, etc. combination. Dust-free anti-static clothing uses dust-free fabrics and special overlocking machinery during the production process to effectively reduce the generation of particles. Anti-static clothing is suitable for petroleum, mining and metallurgy, chemistry, electronics, atomic energy, aerospace, weapons, food, fireworks, medicine and other industries.
5. Development prospects of the anti-static clothing production industry
(1) Current status of the industry
China’s special protective clothing industry is a developing sunrise industry. With the continuous development of China’s market economy, the country’s increasing emphasis on production safety and environmental protection, the improvement of people’s cultural quality and the enhancement of safety awareness, the demand for various special protective clothing will become greater and greater, and the demand for special protective clothing will increase. The requirements for protective performance, variety, quality, style, and color are also getting higher and higher.
Anti-static clothing is a category with a wide range of uses and a large number of all special protective clothing. Data shows that the total number of employees in China is about 200 million, and the annual demand for various types of protective clothing is about 120 million sets. The annual demand for special protective clothing accounts for about 35% of all protective clothing, about more than 40 million sets. Among them, anti-static clothing is the largest, accounting for about 40% of the annual demand for special protective clothing, about 16 million sets. Anti-static clothing will grow at a rate of about 10 to 15% per year. This is a quite large market that requires enterprises and industries to jointly cultivate and develop. Generally speaking, the market demand for anti-static clothing shows a growing trend. First, social demand is gradually expanding. 2.��Laws, regulations and safety supervision and management systems are becoming increasingly perfect, and safety investment is increasing year by year. But on the other hand, all sectors of society, including some people in the industry, still have insufficient understanding of its status and role in production safety, and their understanding and attention to this product are still insufficient. At the same time, the actual situation of employees themselves being on the weak side determines that they do not have a deep understanding of occupational hazards in the workplace, generally lack awareness of self-protection, have little knowledge of the dangerous environment they are in, and will not raise demands for protective equipment. Protect your own rights and interests. Under this circumstance, some companies regard national laws and regulations and the lives of employees as child’s play, depriving employees of the right to use protective equipment; some regard it as welfare benefits, and rarely think of looking for reasons from personal protective equipment when analyzing casualties. . Therefore, the industry is still in an embarrassing situation where it has huge social needs but once became a marginal industry due to people’s long-term neglect.
The advancement of policies has provided development opportunities for the industrial development of anti-static clothing. However, in the industry, most anti-static clothing manufacturing companies are small in scale, low in output, and highly dispersed. Most of them focus on processing and not on research and development, and their products have low technological content. High, while some products of varying quality and unlicensed products are still flowing into the market.
In addition, there are some confusions in the specific implementation and use of the anti-static clothing standard GB12014-2009 currently in use: first, the correlation between the point-to-point resistance of the fabric and the electrical charge of the garment, and how to balance the two; second, The indicators of Class A anti-static clothing are set very high, higher than international standards, and the necessity is questionable. The existence of these two problems has brought a lot of trouble to the manufacturers of anti-static fabrics and anti-static clothing, and has also caused certain misleading to users. Some companies unnecessarily choose high-level protective properties, which increases procurement costs. This actually causes a waste of social resources and brings certain risks and troubles to suppliers.
(2) Promoting or restricting factors
Constraints: First, lack of human resources. Most of the employees in production enterprises have junior or high school education, and there is a relative lack of professional and technical talents. The low quality of employees has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the rapid development of enterprises. Second, R&D capabilities are weak. At present, most labor protection scientific research institutions are engaged in the research and development of new products of personal protective equipment. However, production enterprises are restricted by various factors such as talents, funds, technology, and information. Their own research and development capabilities are insufficient and few new products have been released. Third, brand building is not enough. At present, the comprehensive competitiveness of domestic products in the market is still far behind that of foreign products. The main reason is that the brand’s popularity, reputation and competitiveness are insufficient.
Promoting factors: Relevant national departments and industry associations are further accelerating the establishment of a protective equipment system specification system, and are gradually formulating and implementing product standards and equipment standards that are truly suitable for the personal protection of employees, allowing employment companies to equip workers with protective equipment. There are laws to follow, so that protective equipment manufacturers can follow rules when developing and producing. In March 2016, under the unified leadership of the National Standardization Administration Committee, the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Personal Protective Equipment has successively carried out the integration and simplification of mandatory standards for personal protective equipment and the centralized review of recommended standards. A new national standard system with appropriate content and scientific content has laid the foundation, and we are constantly working towards the goal of gradually realizing “one market, one bottom line, and one standard”. What’s even more gratifying is that the National Standards Committee’s 13th Five-Year Plan has included the mandatory “Personal Protective Equipment Equipment Specifications”. A set of more scientific, comprehensive and appropriate equipment standards will be formulated, released and implemented one after another. It will definitely have an unprecedented impact on the field of occupational protection in China, and will be a huge benefit to the majority of workers, employers and production enterprises.
(3) Development prospects
As people continue to pay attention to occupational health and safety and the country attaches great importance to production safety, coupled with the benefits brought by the gradual establishment of the national personal protective equipment system specification system, we have reason to believe that personal protection represented by anti-static clothing The equipment industry will surely usher in a new tomorrow, and its development prospects are bright. However, companies still need to continue to increase their efforts in “creating brands”. In addition to consolidating the basic qualities such as good customer reputation, unique professionalism, and excellent product quality of the brand, they must also further explore and cultivate their own industry characteristics and brand positioning. Distinctive brand core qualities can adapt to the ever-changing market, output a steady stream of “nuclear power” for the company’s long-term development, ensure that the company develops on the right path and in the right way, and contribute to the sustainable development of the brand and the comprehensive development of the company. Lay a solid foundation for catching up with international brands in terms of competitiveness.
In addition, the anti-static wool knitting industry is one of the most dynamic and development potential areas in the anti-static clothing industry. The current anti-static wool knitwear industry is in a period of comprehensive adjustment and industrial upgrading, and it faces challenges but also opportunities. With the improvement and development of the macro economy, people’s living standards have improved.��, the market demand for anti-static wool knitwear is growing, and it will develop towards the trend of more and more varieties, serialization, fashion, high-end, comfort, functionality and branding. (Excerpt)
Source: Jiangsu Textile Distribution Industry Association Labor Insurance
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