防水透湿织物技术发展过程的主线是涂层和层压织物，辅线则是高密织物� Since coated fabrics and laminated fabrics can achieve high waterproof and moisture permeability, they can also be provided in different grades (such as high waterproof and low moisture permeability type, low waterproof and high moisture permeability type, etc.) and different requirements (such as thermal insulation, camouflage, etc.) flame retardant, etc.) products and occupy a dominant position in the market �</p
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1.1 High-density fabric<br /
早的防水透湿织物是20世纪40年代初由英国锡莱(Shirley)研究所设计的文泰尔(Ventile)防雨布� �它是100％棉的紧密织物，主要供部队使用� �其作用原理是织物被润湿后棉纤维截面积膨胀，使织物中纤维间的孔隙缩小，以致水不易渗透� �高密度织物的特点是透湿性好，柔软性和悬垂性也较好，但耐水压值较低� With the emergence of ultra-high-density fabrics of fine-denier and ultra-fine-denier high-shrinkage synthetic filaments, combined with super water-repellent finishing technology, the water pressure resistance of the fabric has been improved, and the waterproof and moisture permeability of such products has been greatly improved. The fabric is light and soft to the touch �<br /
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1.2 Laminated fabric<br /
1969年由R� �W� Gore developed the first-generation microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PrrFE) film, and in 1976 successfully trial-produced the first-generation waterproof and breathable laminated fabric made by laminating PTFE film and fabric, with the trade name Gore —Tex, which has excellent waterproof and moisture-permeable properties, which is an important development in the development of waterproof and moisture-permeable fabrics �但在随后的使用中发现，用其制成的服装随着服用时间的增长，防水透湿效果逐渐变差，甚至会出现面料渗水的现象� �<br /
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1.3 Coated fabric<br /
1962年拜耳(Bayer)试验室发明了具有水汽渗透性能的亲水性聚氨酯(PU)。20世纪60年代后期到70年代初开始研制Pu微孑L涂层织物和亲水PU薄膜织物。到80年代中期，以聚氨酯为代表的干／湿工艺涂层技术的研发，对开发防水透湿功能产品起到巨大的推动作用，国外有关产品已多达几十个品牌。
(1)亲水性无孑L聚氨酯涂层� The polyurethane coating agent contains hydrophilic groups or the main chain of the molecule contains hydrophilic components. After coating, the solvent evaporates to form a larvae-free film, which adsorbs, transfers and desorbs water molecules through the hydrophilic groups or hydrogen bonds. Achieve the purpose of moisture permeability �由于膜中没有微孔，因此防水性能很好，但透湿气性能有待提高� �<br /
(2)微孔涂层织物。微孔涂层织物是一种遍布涂层的永久性微孔与通道系统。若这类屏障层外表面的大孔径不超过3mm。织物就有防水能力，这种微孔也具有透湿的能力。一般通过湿法凝固工艺、泡沫涂层工艺或相位倒置工艺，将聚氨酯溶于易挥发溶剂中，在织物上涂上聚氨酯，溶剂挥发过程中聚氨酯凝聚形成微孔。
(3) The combination of hydrophilic and microporous combines the characteristics of hydrophilic coating and microporous film, adds a layer of hydrophilic non-porous film on the microporous film, and performs hydrophilic finishing on the microporous film to improve the microporous film. The waterproofness of the perforated film, but the hydrophilic finishing must ensure that it does not affect the original moisture vapor permeability
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